Lok Nayak (The people’s leader) Jay Prakash Narayan
(1902-1979)
~ Randhir Gautam
The people’s leader devoted his life for the people’s politics. He was popularly known as Indian Lenin. Leadership of JP has very important unique feathers. He learnt from the mistakes of past and he changed himself in context of demand of the time. He began his career as militant fighter for the independence of India when India got freedom he became the democrat and finally become what he is known for generally a nonviolent revolutionary. To understand JP these are three contexts. He devoted himself to fulfil Gandhi’s unfinished task. His life was a mission.
Jay Prakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902. He belongs to kayastha caste. His father
Harsu dayal was a government officer. He behaved like quite mature since his childhood. He
was introverted and shy. He joined Patna collegiate school which was very sensitive space
because of Indian independence movement. JP was infused by arm rebellion. He was in
touch with nationalist student leader.
He married prabhavati devi. His father in law was a prominent congressman and famous
lawyer of his time. He brought Gandhi to champaran. on that time ‘Ahimsa and stayagraha
‘Were not being practiced by revolutionaries. Such techniques of revolution came only when
Gandhi came from south Africa. He was JP father in law who invited Gandhi in champaran. JP
father in law wanted him to go to England for further studies. Jp did not go to Britain and
went to America. he found it ironic boycotting English run schools in India and going to
England.
While pursuing his study in America, he met the American communist Abraham Lindy who
introduced him to Indian Communists M N Roy. Here JP fall in love with the idea of Marxism.
One of the significant aspect of the impact of American thought on JP that the language of American politics is more experimental than ideological. the language of American politics has a deep impact on the politics of JP. He studied the ideas of Mathew Arnold, Carlyle, J. S. Mill and William Morris and many American thinkers in great depth.
He did his master in sociology in sociology from Ohio university. His dissertation topic was on social variable. which deals with the question of social change from a Marxian perspective. when jp was in America his wife was in verdha. she was a follower of Gandhi in letter and spirit. Gandhi encouraged prabha to read socialism. once Gandhi told prabha that one day your husband will talk in my language.
JP came back to India and joined politics.Both Jp and Nehru have international perspective regarding the India future vision.They criticise
Gandhi for that matter.
His fight was also within congress in terms of strategy making. though his socialist inclinations in working class politics appealed Nehru. In 1932 he became general secretary of the congress. When he was arrested in the Nasik jail where he met Achyut patwardhan, Ashoka Mehta, Masani and others. He devoted his energies to reconstruct the congress on modern lines. JP resigned from
congress when the congress decided to participate interim government in 1936. Latter He
established congress socialist party because he had been trying to bridge the gap between the
Gandhians and socialists.
At the time of second world war when jp said ‘the war is an imperialist war’. this does not mean he
was supporting German Nazism. for him Nazism was an evil of society while British imperialism was enemy. since he was close to Lenin and his philosophy, he supported Lenin purpose in India.
Jp became youth icon when he scaled the prison walls in September 1942. He created big problem
to British government. He found it difficult to conduct the revolutionary struggle from British India.
He came in touch with a group called Azad Dasta’ or the ‘Army of liberation’ in Nepal. He won one
fight against British there. Nepal was no longer a safe place. while going to Peshawar to Delhi. He
was caught. He was sent to jail where he was closed in a dingy cell for 16 months and he was not given a single newspaper. He didn’t meet a single person.
In 1947 jp was president of three important labour organism. All Indian railway men’s federation, All
Indian ordinance factories worker’s union and All India ordinance factories workers. from the
beginning JP tried to strengthen trade union and peasant union and keep them out of the clutches of parties. British labour party was his reference model because it grows out of labour movement. JP does not want to see labour union, student and teacher union, peasant and other union to be
controlled by any party. JP thinks that the real emancipation of people, students, peasants and
labours can come through their own struggle, through a revolution of their own struggle.
in the context of current scenario all such spaces lost their credibility for that matter. They have
become the vote bank of political party and they forget their responsibilities. politicization of the
sphere of civil society led to legitimacy crisis.
Jp was also critic of conservative communist because of their analysis, communists believe the
Indian national movement was bourgeoisie. Contrary to this jp thought national movement was important to the large aim of socialism. Latter in his life jp would ally with the political right but
never with the left.
JP left congress. Nehru wanted to join jp in his cabinet in 1952 but jp wanted congress to implement socialist programme which Nehru was not ready. Letter Indira Gandhi implemented. once jp told Gandhi that socialist could not remain with the congress. Though apart from personal and
ideological difference he was remain in touch with them. That was the beauty political development
of India.
Latter jp was very much influenced by Survodaya and Bhdhan movement led by Vinoba. Survodaya
was basically an alternative to all other radical political philosophy. JP gifted his life to Survodaya and became a life time worker of Survodaya. He donated his 50 acres of land to this movement. He retired from party politics in 1957. evil of USSR make his to detach from such socialist state. J P has no faith in violence because he believed in democracy by letter and spirit.
He moved towards Gandhian. His position appears ever more pronounced when he wrote in
"Means and End" that "the greatest thing he (Gandhi) taught us was that means are ends, that evil means can never lead to good ends and that f& ends require fair means.
Jp was against centralised planning. He wrote ‘A plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity’ IN 1959
where he explained the intellectual justification of his vision for social reconstruction of society. His
vision was oriented towards the fulfilment of Survodaya ideals. participatory democracy and
decentralization of power are important way to fulfil Gandhi vision of society. His advocacy of
communitarian society was reflection of indigenous democracy. Participatory democracy. JP thinks spirit of community is soul of democracy without which the whole body politic would be without life and soul. JP Practices of revivalist ideas and tried his best to make Gandhi utopia into a realistic vision,
He worked for tarun shanti sena. Many times he negotiated settlement between Indian
government and other militant group such as Naxalites. Vinoba did not accept direct action and civil disobedience led by jp movement. Vinoba labelled the ongoing Emergency an "era of discipline”.
His personal detachment never weakened his social commitment. JP once said ‘Those who think that Survodaya is made up of goody-goody people, who no doubt talks about nonviolent revolution but do not mean it seriously, are in for a surprise. I cannot remain a silent spectator of misgovernment, corruption and the rest, whether in Patna, Delhi or elsewhere. I have decided to fight corruption. .to fight for a real people's democracy’.
1974 was the time of second revolution in India, this was his last stage of life he did politics without being politicians. Rising prices, unemployment, poverty and corruption led hopeless situation of that time. Absolute congress hegemony was on rise. Doctorial attitude of Indira Gandhi. Total revolution was the fuel for strengthening opposition which was important on that time.
Total revolution means transformation of person in society in its real sense. It embraces personal and social ethics and values of life as much as economic, political and social institutions and processes.
He joined Gujarat student movement .JP started to give the sleepless night to the centralised
administrative system. JP movement is known one of the most memorable mass movements in
post-colonial India. public meeting at Patna on June 5, 1974, JP declared that the struggle was not going to be limited to securing the demands of the students, including the resignation of the ministry and the dissolution of the Assembly in Bihar, but would aim at bringing about a total revolution or sampoorna kranti which alone could solve the urgent problems of the country and usher in a new society." Jp always repeated that My interest is not in the capture of power but control of power by the people. Congress party and the CPI (Communist Party of India) opposed JP movement.
Total revolution was a radical, social, economic, political, educational, cultural and ethical change. JP developed Gandhi's "unconventional wisdom and technique" into a total revolution. JP follow
Gandhi and used cultural channels of communication during the JP Movement. while addressing meeting he addressed specially youth and told them to break off the sacred thread and take a vow for a dowry less marriage .jp adopted a daughter name janki.
Jp was naïve in his judgement he was a staunch advocate of individual freedom. freedom was
passion of his life which inspired many. He was a keeper of public conscience. When Janta
party came into power someone asked jp ‘what are you going to do now’ he replied with
laughing smile that I am going to criticise janta party government. To strengthen opposition
was his important work that he gave to Indian politics. JP teaches us how a party less
democracy becomes more powerful if public support is there Democracy works only if it is
nurtured and preserved. It is the matter of fact that both right wings fascist and left wing
communist misinterpret JP’s political thought but JP exist in political discourse beyond the
party or organization. He dedicated his whole life to strengthen democracy and cause of
freedom.
JP died on 8 October 1979. During his last days he became dissatisfied with Janta party
government and failure of expected significance of total revolution. Indira Gandhi once said, he was
revolutionary in every respect. That is true. J P has become more relevant today in context of
existing political set-up in India. His quest for struggle for democracy and total revolution is the most remarkable deeds what he did for India.
📞
+8527029931
(1902-1979)
~ Randhir Gautam
The people’s leader devoted his life for the people’s politics. He was popularly known as Indian Lenin. Leadership of JP has very important unique feathers. He learnt from the mistakes of past and he changed himself in context of demand of the time. He began his career as militant fighter for the independence of India when India got freedom he became the democrat and finally become what he is known for generally a nonviolent revolutionary. To understand JP these are three contexts. He devoted himself to fulfil Gandhi’s unfinished task. His life was a mission.
Jay Prakash Narayan was born on 11 October 1902. He belongs to kayastha caste. His father
Harsu dayal was a government officer. He behaved like quite mature since his childhood. He
was introverted and shy. He joined Patna collegiate school which was very sensitive space
because of Indian independence movement. JP was infused by arm rebellion. He was in
touch with nationalist student leader.
He married prabhavati devi. His father in law was a prominent congressman and famous
lawyer of his time. He brought Gandhi to champaran. on that time ‘Ahimsa and stayagraha
‘Were not being practiced by revolutionaries. Such techniques of revolution came only when
Gandhi came from south Africa. He was JP father in law who invited Gandhi in champaran. JP
father in law wanted him to go to England for further studies. Jp did not go to Britain and
went to America. he found it ironic boycotting English run schools in India and going to
England.
While pursuing his study in America, he met the American communist Abraham Lindy who
introduced him to Indian Communists M N Roy. Here JP fall in love with the idea of Marxism.
One of the significant aspect of the impact of American thought on JP that the language of American politics is more experimental than ideological. the language of American politics has a deep impact on the politics of JP. He studied the ideas of Mathew Arnold, Carlyle, J. S. Mill and William Morris and many American thinkers in great depth.
He did his master in sociology in sociology from Ohio university. His dissertation topic was on social variable. which deals with the question of social change from a Marxian perspective. when jp was in America his wife was in verdha. she was a follower of Gandhi in letter and spirit. Gandhi encouraged prabha to read socialism. once Gandhi told prabha that one day your husband will talk in my language.
JP came back to India and joined politics.Both Jp and Nehru have international perspective regarding the India future vision.They criticise
Gandhi for that matter.
His fight was also within congress in terms of strategy making. though his socialist inclinations in working class politics appealed Nehru. In 1932 he became general secretary of the congress. When he was arrested in the Nasik jail where he met Achyut patwardhan, Ashoka Mehta, Masani and others. He devoted his energies to reconstruct the congress on modern lines. JP resigned from
congress when the congress decided to participate interim government in 1936. Latter He
established congress socialist party because he had been trying to bridge the gap between the
Gandhians and socialists.
At the time of second world war when jp said ‘the war is an imperialist war’. this does not mean he
was supporting German Nazism. for him Nazism was an evil of society while British imperialism was enemy. since he was close to Lenin and his philosophy, he supported Lenin purpose in India.
Jp became youth icon when he scaled the prison walls in September 1942. He created big problem
to British government. He found it difficult to conduct the revolutionary struggle from British India.
He came in touch with a group called Azad Dasta’ or the ‘Army of liberation’ in Nepal. He won one
fight against British there. Nepal was no longer a safe place. while going to Peshawar to Delhi. He
was caught. He was sent to jail where he was closed in a dingy cell for 16 months and he was not given a single newspaper. He didn’t meet a single person.
In 1947 jp was president of three important labour organism. All Indian railway men’s federation, All
Indian ordinance factories worker’s union and All India ordinance factories workers. from the
beginning JP tried to strengthen trade union and peasant union and keep them out of the clutches of parties. British labour party was his reference model because it grows out of labour movement. JP does not want to see labour union, student and teacher union, peasant and other union to be
controlled by any party. JP thinks that the real emancipation of people, students, peasants and
labours can come through their own struggle, through a revolution of their own struggle.
in the context of current scenario all such spaces lost their credibility for that matter. They have
become the vote bank of political party and they forget their responsibilities. politicization of the
sphere of civil society led to legitimacy crisis.
Jp was also critic of conservative communist because of their analysis, communists believe the
Indian national movement was bourgeoisie. Contrary to this jp thought national movement was important to the large aim of socialism. Latter in his life jp would ally with the political right but
never with the left.
JP left congress. Nehru wanted to join jp in his cabinet in 1952 but jp wanted congress to implement socialist programme which Nehru was not ready. Letter Indira Gandhi implemented. once jp told Gandhi that socialist could not remain with the congress. Though apart from personal and
ideological difference he was remain in touch with them. That was the beauty political development
of India.
Latter jp was very much influenced by Survodaya and Bhdhan movement led by Vinoba. Survodaya
was basically an alternative to all other radical political philosophy. JP gifted his life to Survodaya and became a life time worker of Survodaya. He donated his 50 acres of land to this movement. He retired from party politics in 1957. evil of USSR make his to detach from such socialist state. J P has no faith in violence because he believed in democracy by letter and spirit.
He moved towards Gandhian. His position appears ever more pronounced when he wrote in
"Means and End" that "the greatest thing he (Gandhi) taught us was that means are ends, that evil means can never lead to good ends and that f& ends require fair means.
Jp was against centralised planning. He wrote ‘A plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity’ IN 1959
where he explained the intellectual justification of his vision for social reconstruction of society. His
vision was oriented towards the fulfilment of Survodaya ideals. participatory democracy and
decentralization of power are important way to fulfil Gandhi vision of society. His advocacy of
communitarian society was reflection of indigenous democracy. Participatory democracy. JP thinks spirit of community is soul of democracy without which the whole body politic would be without life and soul. JP Practices of revivalist ideas and tried his best to make Gandhi utopia into a realistic vision,
He worked for tarun shanti sena. Many times he negotiated settlement between Indian
government and other militant group such as Naxalites. Vinoba did not accept direct action and civil disobedience led by jp movement. Vinoba labelled the ongoing Emergency an "era of discipline”.
His personal detachment never weakened his social commitment. JP once said ‘Those who think that Survodaya is made up of goody-goody people, who no doubt talks about nonviolent revolution but do not mean it seriously, are in for a surprise. I cannot remain a silent spectator of misgovernment, corruption and the rest, whether in Patna, Delhi or elsewhere. I have decided to fight corruption. .to fight for a real people's democracy’.
1974 was the time of second revolution in India, this was his last stage of life he did politics without being politicians. Rising prices, unemployment, poverty and corruption led hopeless situation of that time. Absolute congress hegemony was on rise. Doctorial attitude of Indira Gandhi. Total revolution was the fuel for strengthening opposition which was important on that time.
Total revolution means transformation of person in society in its real sense. It embraces personal and social ethics and values of life as much as economic, political and social institutions and processes.
He joined Gujarat student movement .JP started to give the sleepless night to the centralised
administrative system. JP movement is known one of the most memorable mass movements in
post-colonial India. public meeting at Patna on June 5, 1974, JP declared that the struggle was not going to be limited to securing the demands of the students, including the resignation of the ministry and the dissolution of the Assembly in Bihar, but would aim at bringing about a total revolution or sampoorna kranti which alone could solve the urgent problems of the country and usher in a new society." Jp always repeated that My interest is not in the capture of power but control of power by the people. Congress party and the CPI (Communist Party of India) opposed JP movement.
Total revolution was a radical, social, economic, political, educational, cultural and ethical change. JP developed Gandhi's "unconventional wisdom and technique" into a total revolution. JP follow
Gandhi and used cultural channels of communication during the JP Movement. while addressing meeting he addressed specially youth and told them to break off the sacred thread and take a vow for a dowry less marriage .jp adopted a daughter name janki.
Jp was naïve in his judgement he was a staunch advocate of individual freedom. freedom was
passion of his life which inspired many. He was a keeper of public conscience. When Janta
party came into power someone asked jp ‘what are you going to do now’ he replied with
laughing smile that I am going to criticise janta party government. To strengthen opposition
was his important work that he gave to Indian politics. JP teaches us how a party less
democracy becomes more powerful if public support is there Democracy works only if it is
nurtured and preserved. It is the matter of fact that both right wings fascist and left wing
communist misinterpret JP’s political thought but JP exist in political discourse beyond the
party or organization. He dedicated his whole life to strengthen democracy and cause of
freedom.
JP died on 8 October 1979. During his last days he became dissatisfied with Janta party
government and failure of expected significance of total revolution. Indira Gandhi once said, he was
revolutionary in every respect. That is true. J P has become more relevant today in context of
existing political set-up in India. His quest for struggle for democracy and total revolution is the most remarkable deeds what he did for India.
📞
+8527029931
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